异常检测和定位是具有多种应用的重要视觉问题。各种不同表面上异常区域的有效和通用的语义分割，在各种不同的表面上，大多数异常区域没有任何明显的模式，仍处于积极研究。在广大基础设施中检测是一种重要的基础设施的定期健康监测和故障（异常）是一种重要的安全相关任务，是基于视觉的异常分割的一个这样的应用领域。然而，由于表面故障的大变化，纹理的结构材料/背景，照明条件等，任务是非常具有挑战性的。裂缝是临界和频繁的表面缺陷，表现为极端曲折形状的薄，细长区域。它们是在深入学习的最难检测的故障之一中。在这项工作中，我们解决了自动裂缝分割问题的一个开放方面，通过模拟问题来概括和提高各种场景的分割性能。我们仔细研究和抽象涉及的子问题，并在更广泛的背景下解决它们，使我们的解决方案通用。在各种与不同基础设施监视相关的数据集上，在不同的条件下，我们的模型在没有任何铃声和口哨的情况下始终如一地优于最先进的算法。这种性能优势在我们模型的两个部署中轻松携带，针对行业提供的数据集进行测试。更进一步的是，我们也可以为两个制造质量检查场景建立我们的模型的表现，其中缺陷类型不仅仅是裂缝等价物，而且更加不同。因此，我们希望我们的模型确实是一个真正的通用缺陷分段模型。

Dialogue models are able to generate coherent and fluent responses, but they can still be challenging to control and may produce non-engaging, unsafe results. This unpredictability diminishes user trust and can hinder the use of the models in the real world. To address this, we introduce DialGuide, a novel framework for controlling dialogue model behavior using natural language rules, or guidelines. These guidelines provide information about the context they are applicable to and what should be included in the response, allowing the models to generate responses that are more closely aligned with the developer's expectations and intent. We evaluate DialGuide on three tasks in open-domain dialogue response generation: guideline selection, response generation, and response entailment verification. Our dataset contains 10,737 positive and 15,467 negative dialogue context-response-guideline triplets across two domains - chit-chat and safety. We provide baseline models for the tasks and benchmark their performance. We also demonstrate that DialGuide is effective in the dialogue safety domain, producing safe and engaging responses that follow developer guidelines.

Importance: Social determinants of health (SDOH) are known to be associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviors, but few studies utilized SDOH from unstructured electronic health record (EHR) notes. Objective: To investigate associations between suicide and recent SDOH, identified using structured and unstructured data. Design: Nested case-control study. Setting: EHR data from the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Participants: 6,122,785 Veterans who received care in the US VHA between October 1, 2010, and September 30, 2015. Exposures: Occurrence of SDOH over a maximum span of two years compared with no occurrence of SDOH. Main Outcomes and Measures: Cases of suicide deaths were matched with 4 controls on birth year, cohort entry date, sex, and duration of follow-up. We developed an NLP system to extract SDOH from unstructured notes. Structured data, NLP on unstructured data, and combining them yielded seven, eight and nine SDOH respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results: In our cohort, 8,821 Veterans committed suicide during 23,725,382 person-years of follow-up (incidence rate 37.18 /100,000 person-years). Our cohort was mostly male (92.23%) and white (76.99%). Across the six common SDOH as covariates, NLP-extracted SDOH, on average, covered 84.38% of all SDOH occurrences. All SDOH, measured by structured data and NLP, were significantly associated with increased risk of suicide. The SDOH with the largest effects was legal problems (aOR=2.67, 95% CI=2.46-2.89), followed by violence (aOR=2.26, 95% CI=2.11-2.43). NLP-extracted and structured SDOH were also associated with suicide. Conclusions and Relevance: NLP-extracted SDOH were always significantly associated with increased risk of suicide among Veterans, suggesting the potential of NLP in public health studies.

Nostradamus, inspired by the French astrologer and reputed seer, is a detailed study exploring relations between environmental factors and changes in the stock market. In this paper, we analyze associative correlation and causation between environmental elements and stock prices based on the US financial market, global climate trends, and daily weather records to demonstrate significant relationships between climate and stock price fluctuation. Our analysis covers short and long-term rises and dips in company stock performances. Lastly, we take four natural disasters as a case study to observe their effect on the emotional state of people and their influence on the stock market.

当今现实生活系统中图的普遍性很明显，该系统要么明确地以图形为单位，要么可以很容易地将其建模为一个。因此，这种图形结构是商店丰富的信息。这具有各种含义，具体取决于我们对节点还是整个图表感兴趣。在本文中，我们主要关注的是稍后的，即图表的结构会影响其代表的现实生活系统的属性。这种结构影响的模型将有助于通过其结构特性来推断复杂和大型系统（例如VLSI电路）的有用特性。但是，在我们可以将基于机器学习（ML）技术应用于建模这种关系之前，必须有效地表示图。在本文中，我们提出了一个图表表示，该图表是无损的，在顶点数量方面是线性大小的，并给出图形的1-D表示。我们的表示是基于对树木编码的Prufer编码。此外，我们的方法基于一种新颖的技术，称为$ \ Mathcal {gt} $ - 增强功能，我们首先转换图形，使其可以由单数树表示。编码还提供了包括附加图形属性并改善代码的解释性的范围。

来自给定时间序列数据的相关矩阵的预测有多种针对一系列问题的应用程序，例如从峰值数据推断神经元连接，从表达数据中推论基因之间的因果关系，并发现气候变化的长空间范围影响。预测相关矩阵的传统方法利用了基础网络所有节点的时间序列数据。在这里，我们使用监督的机器学习技术来预测一些随机选择节点的有限时间序列信息的整个系统的相关矩阵。来自模型的预测的准确性证实，整个系统的一个子集的有限时间序列足以做出良好的相关矩阵预测。此外，使用无监督的学习算法，我们提供了对模型预测成功的见解。最后，我们将此处开发的机器学习模型应用于现实世界数据集。

由于显微镜图像被广泛用于生物医学或材料研究，因此已使用扫描声显微镜（SAM）。声学成像是无损测试（NDT），生物医学成像和结构健康监测的一种重要且建立的方法。这些成像经常以低振幅的信号进行，这可能导致引导液噪声，缺乏嘈杂的和缺乏的。图像信息的详细信息。在这项工作中，我们试图分析从低振幅信号中获取的SAM图像，并在时间域信号上使用块匹配过滤器以获得DeNocer的图像。我们已经将图像与在时间域信号上应用的常规过滤器进行了比较，例如高斯滤波器，中值滤波器，Wiener滤波器和总变化过滤器。著名的结果在本文中显示。

静电执行器为创建软机器人板提供了一种有希望的方法，因为它们的柔性外形，模块化集成和快速响应速度。但是，它们的控制需要千伏信号，并理解由板上和环境效应的力相互作用引起的复杂动力学。在这项工作中，我们演示了一个不受限制的二维五实机压电机器人，该机器人由电池和板载高压电路提供动力，并通过无线链路进行控制。可扩展的制造方法基于彼此之间的键合化层（钢箔底物，执行器，柔性电子设备）。机器人表现出一系列可控运动，包括双向爬行（高达〜0.6 cm/s），转弯和现场旋转（约1度/s）。高速视频和控制实验表明，运动的丰富性是由于机器人中不对称质量分布的相互作用以及动力学对压电驱动频率的相关依赖性。

在本文中，我们解决了在高分辨率上运行的神经网络质量中降解的问题。覆盖网络通常无法在高于其培训集的分辨率下产生全球连贯的结构。尽管图像分辨率增加，但这部分归因于持续静态场。尽管在介入之前降低图像会产生连贯的结构，但它固有地缺乏更高分辨率的细节。为了获得两全其美，我们通过最大程度地减少推断时多尺度的一致性损失来优化网络的中间功能。此运行时优化改善了覆盖效果，并为高分辨率介绍建立了新的最先进。代码可在以下网址获得：https：//github.com/geomagical/lama-with-refiner/tree/refinement。

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models are a promising new class of generative models that mark a milestone in high-quality image generation. This paper showcases their ability to sequentially generate video, surpassing prior methods in perceptual and probabilistic forecasting metrics. We propose an autoregressive, end-to-end optimized video diffusion model inspired by recent advances in neural video compression. The model successively generates future frames by correcting a deterministic next-frame prediction using a stochastic residual generated by an inverse diffusion process. We compare this approach against five baselines on four datasets involving natural and simulation-based videos. We find significant improvements in terms of perceptual quality for all datasets. Furthermore, by introducing a scalable version of the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS) applicable to video, we show that our model also outperforms existing approaches in their probabilistic frame forecasting ability.